Planned Obsolescence
How the products you buy are designed to break
How many times have you bought an electronic device, only to find out that it has stopped functioning properly just a short time after your purchase?
You spent so much money on it, and suddenly you’re sad to know that it’s not working properly anymore. The result? Wasted expenses, labor, energy and resources, not to mention the toxic waste that ends up in landfills, poisoning our planet.
But why is that so? Why are most products’ lifespan so short, considering the advanced modern technological means of production?
Enter planned obsolescence.
Cyclical consumption and planned obsolescence
Our economic system is based on consumption—the more we buy, the more money moves into the economy, and hence the more the economy grows. If money stops moving, the economic system is bound to collapse, since people will not be paid or have money to pay for the products and services they need or want.
There are two main ways our society manages to keep people buying stuff:
Firstly, through advertising. We’re exposed to thousands of advertisements each and every day whose sole purpose is to convince us to keep on shopping under the promise that doing so will make our lives better. Through advertising, companies have managed to make us confuse our needs with our wants, thus making us desire to acquire things that we don’t truly need, so that we can fill in their pockets by emptying our own.
Secondly, through planned obsolescence, although this is not yet understood by many. If you didn’t know, planned obsolescence is a production technique that compels people to buy more and more stuff unnecessarily, by providing people with products of short lifespan. Instead of creating goods with the intention to last for as long as it is technically possible—considering that we are living in a finite planet with finite resources, as well as the importance of saving material and human energy—companies, whose sole interest is to make sales, purposefully design products of low quality that will soon break, in order to assure repeat purchases.
Planned obsolescence and the Phoebus light bulb cartel
In the early 20th century, technical efficiency brought about by industrial development in the U.S. increased dramatically, which resulted in the production of higher quality goods at a much quicker pace. Although that was a great success from a technological standpoint, the fact that the goods produced had increased lifespan was found to slow down consumption—hence it was an anathema for the economy.
In order to prevent this from happening even further, people were encouraged to make more purchases, but it was found that this alone couldn’t make a significant difference. The “solution” given in the 1930s was to make it legally mandatory for all industries to produce goods of lower lifespan, which was believed to help reduce unemployment and increase consumption.
This brings us to the case of the Phoebus light bulb cartel. In the 1930s, a single light bulb could last for up to 25,000 hours, but the cartel forced all companies to produce bulbs limited to a maximum life of 1,000 hours in order to increase demand.1
In order to make sure that people make repeat purchases, most manufacturers today create products that have short life cycles. In other words, the products sold by most companies have been intentionally designed in such a way that they will break shortly after they’ve been purchased, so as to urge the general public to buy more of them in the future.
Market efficiency vs. technical efficiency
In our economic system, which is based on cyclical consumption, technical efficiency is only damaging to the market efficiency—both cannot co-exist by any means. Increased technical efficiency decreases market efficiency, which is disrupting the flow of our economy.
But how stupid is it to keep on having such an economic system, knowing how technically inefficient it is as well as its tremendous negative impacts on society and the natural world? Instead of urging people to buy more and more, would it not be wiser to make use of our current scientific knowledge to create an economic system that is based on technical efficiency and environmental sustainability?
I would like to leave you now with these questions in mind, which will hopefully help you to realize how obsolete our economic system is and urge you to seek out information about how alternative economic systems can be implemented that would actually promote social and environmental well-being.
—The Unbounded Spirit, January 2020
https://theunboundedspirit.com/planned-obsolescence/
1 The Light Bulb Conspiracy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=24&v=D56nut_9e8s&feature=emb_logo